مرة أخرى، ما هو الوصول الحر ؟
كثيرة هي تعريفات الوصول الحر، التي انكب عليها الباحثون، وتوفرت عليها المؤسسات والمبادرات والمشروعات العاملة في هذا الميدان. وتكاد تجمع تلك التعريفات على الإشارة إلى أن هذه الحركة إنما تتصل – في الأساس – بالمعلومات العلمية والإنتاج الفكري العلمي أو البحثي
وعلى الرغم من أن التعريف التالي يشير إلى المعلومات بصفة عامة
Open access (OA) : information is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions (1).
إلا أن بيتر سابر أبرز رواد حركة الوصول الحر ، يفيد في معجم المصطلحات الذي توفر عليه (2) بما يلي
Open Access: A term for barrier-free online access —in the case of FOS, to scholarly literature
وعلى الرغم من أن التعريف التالي يشير إلى المعلومات بصفة عامة
Open access (OA) : information is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions (1).
إلا أن بيتر سابر أبرز رواد حركة الوصول الحر ، يفيد في معجم المصطلحات الذي توفر عليه (2) بما يلي
Open Access: A term for barrier-free online access —in the case of FOS, to scholarly literature
بينما يعني بالـ (إف أو إس) البحث العلمي الحر على الخط المباشر
Free Online Scholarship
وهذا هو تعريف معجم آخر (3) في الموضوع
Open Access and Open Access movement - free online access to research articles, by anyone, across the Internet
Free Online Scholarship
وهذا هو تعريف معجم آخر (3) في الموضوع
Open Access and Open Access movement - free online access to research articles, by anyone, across the Internet
وصحيح أيضًا أن تعريف مبادرة بودابست للوصول الحر (4) (وهي المبادرة الأولى الصادرة لدعم هذه الحركة) ورد في تعريفها للوصول الحر مصطلح مصطلح (الإنتاج الفكري) فقط ، إلا أنه في صفحة الاستفسارات الأكثر تكرارًا (5) الخاصة بنفس المبادرة، وتحت عنوان (الإنتاج الفكري العلمي) ، ورد ما يلي :
For which body of literature, exactly, does BOAI hope to secure open access?
BOAI only seeks open access for the scientific and scholarly research texts that authors give to publishers and readers without asking for any kind of royalty or payment. As the BOAI public statement puts it, "[p]rimarily, this category encompasses...peer-reviewed journal articles, but it also includes any unreviewed preprints that [scholars] might wish to put online for comment or to alert colleagues to important research findings." It does not include books from which their authors would prefer to generate revenue. It does not include any non-scholarly writings, such as novels or news.
While the BOAI does not specifically cover donated scholarship other than peer-reviewed journal articles and preprints, it could be extended quite naturally to all the writings for which authors do not expect payment. These include scholarly monographs on specialized topics, conference proceedings, theses and dissertations, government reports, and statutes and judicial opinions.
For which body of literature, exactly, does BOAI hope to secure open access?
BOAI only seeks open access for the scientific and scholarly research texts that authors give to publishers and readers without asking for any kind of royalty or payment. As the BOAI public statement puts it, "[p]rimarily, this category encompasses...peer-reviewed journal articles, but it also includes any unreviewed preprints that [scholars] might wish to put online for comment or to alert colleagues to important research findings." It does not include books from which their authors would prefer to generate revenue. It does not include any non-scholarly writings, such as novels or news.
While the BOAI does not specifically cover donated scholarship other than peer-reviewed journal articles and preprints, it could be extended quite naturally to all the writings for which authors do not expect payment. These include scholarly monographs on specialized topics, conference proceedings, theses and dissertations, government reports, and statutes and judicial opinions.
وهذا هو ما أكدته الإفلا، في بيانها الخاص بهذا الموضوع (6)، على أن "الوصول الحر بصورة شاملة للإنتاج الفكري العلمي والتوثيق البحثي، إنما يعد عاملاً حيويًا لفهم عالمنا الذي نعيش فيه، ولأجل الوصول إلى حلول ناجعة للتحديات العالمية وبصفة خاصة التفاوت في الحصول على المعلومات।
IFLA affirms that comprehensive open access to scholarly literature and research documentation is vital to the understanding of our world and to the identification of solutions to global challenges and particularly the reduction of information inequality.
وفي تعريف بيان مؤسسة (ويلكوم ترست) للوصول الحر (7) نجد ما يلي:
Specifically, the Wellcome Trust: expects authors of research papers to maximise the opportunities to make their results available for free and, where possible, to reain their copyright
Specifically, the Wellcome Trust: expects authors of research papers to maximise the opportunities to make their results available for free and, where possible, to reain their copyright
وفي إعلان برلين (8)، وهو أحد الإعلانات الثلاثة التي توصف بـ (3 ب) ، نجد ما يلي
In order to implement the Brlin Declaration institutions should implement a policy to:
1. require their researchers to deposit a copy of all their published articles in an open access repository
and
2. encourage their researchers to publish their research articles in open access journals where a suitable journal exists (and provide the support to enable that to happen).
In order to implement the Brlin Declaration institutions should implement a policy to:
1. require their researchers to deposit a copy of all their published articles in an open access repository
and
2. encourage their researchers to publish their research articles in open access journals where a suitable journal exists (and provide the support to enable that to happen).
إلى اللقاء
المراجع
(1) SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATIONS GLOSSARY
http://bucknell.edu/documents/ISR/SCHOLARLYCOMMUNICATIONSGLOSSARY.pdf
(2) Guide to the Open Access Movement
http://www।earlham.edu/~peters/fos/guide.htm
http://bucknell.edu/documents/ISR/SCHOLARLYCOMMUNICATIONSGLOSSARY.pdf
(2) Guide to the Open Access Movement
http://www।earlham.edu/~peters/fos/guide.htm
(3) OA and IR glossary, webliography and further reading
http://www.e-space.mmu.ac.uk/e-space/bitstream/2173/11106/2/oa+glossary+and+reading+list.pdf
(4) Budapest Open Access Initiative
http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read.shtml
(5) Budapest Open Access Initiative: Frequently Asked Questions
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm
(6) IFLA Statement on Open Access to Scholarly Literature and Research Documentation
http://www.ifla.org/V/cdoc/open-access04.html।
(7) Wellcome Trust position statement in support of open and unrestricted access to published research
http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD002766.html
(8) Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities